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For example, software bugs uncovered by a developer during unit tests generally involve only the developer and require a relatively small amount of effort to diagnose and correct. It is a commonly accepted principle within the software industry that software bugs exposed earlier in the development process are much cheaper to fix than those discovered late in the process. For the purpose of this discussion, ”traditional” software bugs are those deficiencies identified through non-security-related test functions such as unit- and subsystem-level tests, integration and system-level tests, or stress, performance and load tests. Development Process Costsįrom a pure software development perspective, security vulnerabilities identified through security testing can be viewed in the same manner as ”traditional” software bugs that are discovered through standard software testing processes. The information gathered by both of these communities is helpful to understanding the business case for security testing. In parallel with the QA community, the security industry and law enforcement community have been compiling statistics on the cost of security incidents over the last ten years. If one considers that security vulnerabilities are also a form of software bugs, the same conclusions can be made for security testing. The software testing and quality assurance community has done an excellent job of identifying the cost benefits of conducting tests to identify software bugs early and often. However, obtaining the real cost benefit of security test activities has historically been a difficult task. Understanding the high-level benefits of security test activities is relatively easy to understand. Unfortunately, in some organizations, this is the only method used to identify security vulnerabilities.
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Security test activities are one method used to identify and address security vulnerabilities. Identifying and addressing software security vulnerabilities prior to product deployment assists in accomplishing these business goals. From a business perspective, security test activities are often conducted to reduce overall project costs, protect an organization’s reputation or brand, reduce litigation expenses, or conform to regulatory requirements. Business Case for Security Testingįrom a technical and project management perspective, security test activities are primarily performed to validate a system’s conformance to security requirements and to identify potential security vulnerabilities within the system. Test engineers should be familiar with standard references for software testing, such as, ,, ,, , and. Nonetheless, this document is not intended as a primer on software testing per se. Many aspects of software testing are discussed, especially in their relationship to security testing. This document focuses on how risk-based and functional security testing mesh into the software development process. The actual tests are then aimed at probing those vulnerabilities. In this case, testers must determine how the ambiguous requirements might manifest themselves as vulnerabilities. For a more complex example, consider the case where risk analysis determines that there are ambiguous requirements. A risk-based test might actually try to carry out an injection attack, or at least provide evidence that such an attack is possible. A simple example is that in many web-based applications, there is a risk of injection attacks, where an attacker fools the server into displaying results of arbitrary SQL queries.
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For example, if security requirements state that the length of any user input must be checked, then functional testing is part of the process of determining whether this requirement was implemented and whether it works correctly.Īnalogously, risk-based testing is based on software risks, and each test is intended to probe a specific risk that was previously identified through risk analysis. Therefore, it is largely based on software requirements. It focuses on two related topics: functional security testing and risk-based security testing.įunctional testing is meant to ensure that software behaves as it should. This document discusses the role of software testing in a security-oriented software development process.
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Security Testing in the Software Life Cycle